China using Taiwan media to win hearts and minds on island

The articles on the leading Taiwan newspaper’s website were gushing about a new Chinese government programme to lure Taiwanese entrepreneurs to the mainland.

China "treated Taiwanese businessmen like its own people", one of the articles said, citing "multiple perks". Far from being a threat to Taiwan, the programme to give economic incentives to Taiwanese to start businesses in the mainland was an "unprecedented" opportunity, it said.

While the articles were presented as straight news, they were actually paid for by the Chinese government, according to a person with direct knowledge of the arrangement and internal documents from the Taipei-based newspaper.

The placement of the articles was part of a broader campaign by China to burnish its image in the Taiwanese media as part of efforts to win hearts and minds in Taiwan for China's "reunification" agenda.

Reuters has found evidence that mainland authorities paid at least five Taiwan media groups for coverage in various publications and on a television channel, according to interviews with 10 reporters and newsroom managers as well as internal documents reviewed by Reuters, including contracts signed by the Taiwan Affairs Office, which is responsible for overseeing China's policies towards Taiwan.

The efforts have been going on since China and Taiwan deepened their economic collaboration nearly a decade ago, but details like the financial arrangements of such partnerships had not previously been reported.

Reuters is withholding the names of the media groups at the request of the former and current employees who provided the documents.

The Taiwan Affairs Office paid 30,000 yuan (US$4,300) for the two feature stories about the mainland's efforts to attract Taiwan business people, according to a person familiar with the arrangements and internal documents from the newspaper.

"It felt like I was running propaganda and working for the Chinese government," the person said.

The placement of news stories by companies and special interests is common in Taiwan. However, the commissioning of such stories by China is potentially explosive in Taiwan, which has been increasingly sensitive about mainland efforts to sway popular sentiment amid rising tensions across the strait.

While the Taiwan Affairs Office paid for most of the stories in the documents reviewed by Reuters, other Chinese government bodies also commissioned stories, according to three people with direct knowledge of the matter. One of the contracts was signed by a municipal government in southern China.

China has viewed self-ruled Taiwan as a wayward province to be brought under its control, by force if necessary, since a civil war divided the two in 1949.

One senior news manager said he handled stories paid for by the Chinese government at a major newspaper for several years. He left the publication in 2016 and now works for a news organisation affiliated with the Taiwan government.

"The money was mostly paid via the Taiwan Affairs Office," said the person, adding that provincial or municipal governments across China also sponsored coverage.

The Taiwanese government said it was aware of the Chinese efforts and that such partnerships were subject to a fine of up to T$500,000 (US$16,000) for violating regulations on Chinese advertisements.

"It is using our press freedom to harm press freedom," Chiu Chui-cheng, the deputy minister for Taiwan's Ministry of Mainland Affairs, told Reuters.

"This is part of the mainland's media war against Taiwan," he said, vowing to strengthen laws to close what he called "loopholes" in Taiwan's national security.

"It's spreading messages of Chinese ideology, harming our free speech and democracy."

The Taiwan Affairs Office did not respond to requests for comment.

Employees from the media companies said Beijing's efforts to sway the public's perception of China was undermining Taiwan's media.

"When funding from the Chinese government becomes a big part of your revenue, it's impossible not to exercise self-censorship," said a reporter, who said she was involved in several stories commissioned by the Chinese government in 2017-2018 for a newspaper based in southern Taiwan.

"It gives China space to manipulate politics and influence public opinion in Taiwan."

Several reporters and newsroom managers said that some media organisations were engaging in self-censorship as stories placed by China had become increasingly important sources of income.

Issues seen as "sensitive" by China, such as the anniversary of the Tiananmen crackdown in 1989, were no longer covered by their news outlets, they said.

Beijing's campaign comes at a time of growing concern over Chinese infiltration in Taiwan. In June, tens of thousands of people rallied to call for the regulation of "red media" – outlets that they claimed ran favourable coverage of a China-friendly presidential candidate ahead of key elections in January.

Two officials working at a Taiwanese state security agency, who declined to be named due to the sensitivity of the matter, said Chinese infiltration of Taiwan's media posed "threats" to the island's security.

"Their ultimate goal is unification," said one of the sources, who oversees Chinese activities on the island. "They think it is better to win the heart of the people than to start a war."

The Taiwan Affairs Office has set up companies that carry out the story placement campaign. The companies liaise with news organisations' sales representatives, ordering up topics and lengths for stories, five people with direct knowledge of the arrangements said.

Such firms include Beijing-based Jiuzhou Culture Communication Center, as well as Publishing Exchange Center Across the Taiwan Strait in the southern Chinese city of Guangzhou, according to a contract signed by the Taiwan Affairs Office unit and the Taipei newspaper, as well as the person familiar with the arrangement.

Liu Tan, a representative from the Beijing company, ended a phone call with Reuters after a reporter identified himself. The Guangzhou company did not respond to requests for comment.

In one deal, signed in early 2017, the Beijing company paid the publication 120,300 yuan (US$17,500) in exchange for 10 full-page, colour-print stories to promote investments and tourism for an eastern Chinese province.

The two features about the business incentives in the leading Taiwan newspaper were even edited by the Taiwan Affairs Office before they were sent to the paper's newsroom in Taipei for publication, the person said.

The person added that the people interviewed in the reports were picked by a Communist Party's Publicity Department official.

"Readers were unable to tell the stories were paid for," the person said. "All they could see was positive coverage of the mainland."

- Reuters